India recognizes and honors exceptional contributions across various fields through a range of prestigious awards. These awards are not only symbols of national pride but also serve to inspire excellence and dedication in various
domains. Understanding these awards is crucial, especially for those preparing for competitive exams or those keen
on Indian culture and achievements.
The word "award" refers to something given in recognition of achievement, merit, or need. For example, a film that
has received multiple awards has been recognized for its excellence in various categories.
List/Types of Indian Awards
| Award | Established In | Category |
|---|---|---|
| Bharat Ratna | 1954 | Civilian |
| Param Vir Chakra | 1950 | Military |
| Ashoka Chakra | 1952 | Military |
| Padma Vibhushan | 1954 | Civilian |
| Padma Bhushan | 1954 | Civilian |
| Padma Shri | 1954 | Civilian |
| Sarvottam Jeevan Raksha Padak | 1961 | Civilian |
| Uttam Jeevan Raksha Padak | 1961 | Civilian |
| Jeevan Raksha Padak | 1961 | Civilian |
| Shaurya Chakra | 1952 | Military |
| Vir Chakra | 1947 | Military |
| Vyas Samman | 1991 | Literature |
| Saraswati Samman | 1991 | Literature |
| Jnanpith Award | 1961 | Literature |
| Dadasaheb Phalke Award | 1969 | Film |
| Arjuna Award | 1961 | Sports |
| Dronacharya Award | 1985 | Sports |
| Dhyan Chand Award | 2002 | Sports |
| Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award | 1991 | Sports |
| Sahitya Akademi Award | 1954 | Literature |
| Sangeet-Natak Akademi Award | 1952 | Literature |
Some of India’s most important honours
Here are some of India’s most important honours:
1. Bharat Ratna (Civilian Award)
When Satyajit Ray received the Bharat Ratna, it echoed the honor previously given to C.V. Raman, recognizing his immense contributions to science. Mother Teresa was awarded the Bharat Ratna following her Nobel Peace Prize in 1979. Similarly, Amartya Sen received the Bharat Ratna a year after winning the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1997. In 2008, the Bharat Ratna was bestowed upon Bhimsen Joshi for his contributions to music, and in 1992, it honored J.R.D. Tata, a visionary businessman who significantly shaped India's industrial landscape.
2. Padma Vibhushan
The Padma Vibhushan is India’s second-highest civilian award, established in 1954. It is awarded for "exceptional and distinguished service" across various fields, regardless of the recipient's caste, creed, gender, or religion. This honor is extended to individuals who have made significant contributions in any domain, including government service. It recognizes the achievements of professionals such as doctors and scientists, though it typically excludes those working in the public sector.
3. Padma Bhushan
The Padma Bhushan is India’s third-highest civilian award, established in 1954. It is awarded to individuals of any race, profession, rank, or gender who have rendered "distinguished service of a high order."
4. Padma Shri
The Padma Shri is India’s fourth-highest civilian award, presented annually by the Indian government on Republic Day. It honors individuals who have made significant contributions in fields such as art, science, literature, education, industry, sports, medicine, social work, and social studies.
5. Param Vir Chakra (Gallantry Award)
This award was first presented in 1947, though it wasn't officially established until 1950. The President of India bestows it upon armed forces cadets for acts of military valor or gallantry. The criteria include "conspicuous bravery, an act of courage, or supreme sacrifice in the face of the enemy on land, at sea, or in the air." Known as the "Wheel of the Ultimate Brave" in English, this award is held in the same regard as the United States' Medal of Honor and the United Kingdom's Victoria Cross.
6. Ashoka Chakra
This is India’s highest military honor for peacetime, established in 1954. It is awarded to individuals who have demonstrated exceptional bravery or selflessness on the battlefield.
7. Mahavir Chakra Award in India
Following the Param Vir Chakra, this is the second-highest award for bravery. Established in 1950, it is presented to individuals who have displayed extraordinary courage in the face of the enemy on land, in the air, or at sea. During the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971, the award was conferred upon 11 officers of the Indian Air Force at one time.
Conclusion
The Madhya Pradesh government presents the Kalidas Samman to individuals excelling in classical dance, classical music, theatre, and visual arts. The Outstanding Parliamentary Award honors the Member of Parliament who has demonstrated exceptional performance in their role. Additionally, the Nehru Literary Award, established by Indian Adult Education, is awarded for contributions to adult literacy and education in India.